Igihe kalendari yabonetse ku ya 1 Mutarama 2017, abantu batageze kuri 1% by'abatuye isi bari bazi ICO icyo ari cyo, icyo ihagarariye, cyangwa icyo ihagazeho. Umuntu yavuga ko umuntu uwo ari we wese uretse abafite imitwe itoroshye ndetse n'umuryango w'abasazi witwa crypto uzi ko bihagaze ku itangwa ry'ibiceri bya mbere (bigaragara ko bisa na IPO) kandi bizakomeza guhungabanya amafaranga ya VC kuri miliyari 8 z'amadolari ya Amerika. bubble.
Mbere yo kwibira muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ICO ibyo dukunda ubutunzi twakoze dushize amanga, twashyize hamwe urutonde rwamataliki yatanzweho ibiceri byambere byatanzwe, basangira ICO nshya, ikora hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye byingenzi kandi bikwiye hamwe no kugurisha ibimenyetso byegereje.
Noneho, ubutabera buke bugomba gushyirwa ku mwanya wa mbere mu kwerekana amateka ya vuba kugira ngo ibintu byose bishyirwe mu bikorwa. Ku ya 1 Mutarama, kugurisha kuri coinmarketcap.com byari miliyoni 17.7 z'amadolari gusa, none hagati muri Nzeri 2017, byiyongereye kugera kuri miliyoni zisaga 127.7.
Mu mezi 9 gusa, kwiyongera 7x kugeza ubu (BTC @ $ 1.000 $ 4,000 +, ETH @ $ 8 na $ 300 +, nkuko tubikesha coinbase.com), nibindi byinshi bizaza Iterambere ryinshi na gahunda yo kugeraho.
Kuri ubu, birashoboka ko ari rimwe mumagambo yishakisha yihuta cyane yumwaka mugihe itangwa ryibiceri byambere (bizunguruka muri IPO) imishinga yo gutondeka amafaranga yaturitse, ariko urufunguzo nyarwo nukureba neza ko ubona amaso manini Kandi inyungu yemewe ishaka guhagarara neza mbere.
Hano haribibazo 7 byingenzi byafunguye bishobora gusubizwa kugirango utangire inzira yo gushora imari mubitekerezo bya ICO cyangwa isezerano ryindashyikirwa.
Nubwo uburyo bwo guta urwasaya rwamamaye cyangwa igitekerezo gikunzwe, ibi nibice birindwi byishoramari hamwe nubushakashatsi bwatangiye kugirango umenye neza ko ukurikiza:
Nubwo ibi bisa nkibikorwa bitoroshye, birashobora gushimangira cyane kubyemezo byizewe kandi byize kubijyanye no gushora fiat mubicuruzwa na serivisi byateganijwe mbere bamwe bashobora gutekereza ko byarangiye muri ibyo bicuruzwa bya ICO.
Hype irashobora kugurishwa, ariko ibicuruzwa bihindura umukino, porogaramu hamwe na porogaramu amaherezo yongerera agaciro bizasarura inyungu nyinshi mugihe uhinduye ibyo "biceri byamafaranga" bihwanye nibimenyetso byerekana amafaranga.
Ukurikije iki kintu gishya mumwanya wa Bitcoin uhagarika ifaranga, imbuga nyinshi na serivise nshya byagaragaye kugirango ubone amakuru ukunda cyane ya crypto, ivugurura, niterambere.
Hejuru twaguhaye ibintu 7 byambere nibintu byubushakashatsi bukwiye busaba isuzuma ryimbitse. Hamwe nibihuha byinshi kubyerekeye itangwa ryibiceri byambere muriyi minsi, biroroshye gufatwa n "ikintu cyiza cyiza" n "" iterambere rigezweho ", ariko kugira ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe n’amasasu bizafasha gukuraho amahitamo mabi hamwe n’impungenge zijyanye no gushora imari mu biceri bya mbere Tokens Icyemezo cyo gutanga ibimenyetso.
Ibi birori niho abatangiye bashya bagerageza gukusanya imari ishoboka yose (binyuze muri cryptocurrencies nka Bitcoin na Ethereum) kugirango bamenye igitekerezo cyisosiyete yabo. Benshi muribo batangiye ni amasosiyete yikoranabuhanga ategura urubuga rushya rwibanga kugirango byorohereze kandi umutekano kurushaho nta kugenzura imitwaro iremereye ninzego za leta.
Biracyaza, biroroshye kubona aho ayo mafranga yambere yatangiriye ashobora kugenda nabi.Bigenda bite niba umuntu mubisosiyete afite izina ribi? Bite ho niba imishinga yabo yubucuruzi idashobora kuramba? Byagenda bite niba byose ari impimbano gusa bidafite ishingiro? Izi ningaruka nyazo zishobora kuba abashoramari bagomba kuzirikana mbere yo kwinjira mumasosiyete mashya yatangije ibiceri.
Kubwamahirwe kuri abo bashobora kuba abashoramari, dore ndi hano. Nkoresha isesengura ryuzuye kugirango ndebe buri kantu kose ka sosiyete na ICO yacyo kugirango ndebe niba bikwiye gushora imari. Hamwe n'icyubahiro gikwiye, niba hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko sosiyete ishobora kurangiza ikananirwa, ushobora guhitamo ko nzabigaragaza.
Noneho, nzi neza ko uzashishikazwa nibiri mu buryo bwanjye bwo gusesengura neza. Nkurikira nkuko nguhaye impinga mubikorwa byanjye byo gusuzuma.
Wagira ngo kumenya ingaruka zishoramari byaba kimwe mubice byanyuma byisesengura ryanjye.no! Iki nicyo cyambere. Ibi ni ukubera ko aricyo kimenyetso cyingenzi kandi nzi uburyo abashoramari bahuze.
Bashobora kutabona umwanya wo gucukumbura isesengura ryose, ndizera rero ko ntanga amakuru bakeneye cyane mugitangira.
Ntakibazo, ndagena ingaruka zishoramari ndeba ibintu bitandukanye byikigo hamwe nigiceri cyambere cyatanzwe:
Niba nta kibi kirimo ibintu bitandatu byose bigize isosiyete na ICO yayo, nanzura ko gutanga umusanzu muri iyo sosiyete ICO atari bibi cyane.
Nibyo, hari ingaruka mubushoramari ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko niba isosiyete yatsinze ikizamini cyanjye, noneho ibyago byose birimo bizaba ingaruka kumasoko idashobora rwose kwirindwa cyangwa guhanurwa.Niba ubucuruzi butatsinze ikizamini cyanjye, ubucuruzi bushobora kuba buriganya kandi ntugomba gushoramo igiceri.
Nyuma yo kumenya ingaruka zishoramari zigira uruhare mubucuruzi, ndareba ukuntu ibihuha ICO yabo yabyaye.Niba bitera urusaku rwinshi kandi abantu benshi babavugaho kurubuga nkoranyambaga, icyo nikimenyetso cyerekana ko ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza bukora.
Mubindi bintu, byerekana ko bafite igitekerezo cyuko abantu benshi bazashimishwa. Birumvikana ko ababyifuza bashobora kuba barimo abashoramari bakize cyane bifuza igice cya pie.
Iyo ufite abashoramari benshi bashishikajwe nigitekerezo cyubucuruzi, bituma igitekerezo gisa neza kandi cyunguka cyane, bigatuma abashoramari benshi bashora imari.Niba igitekerezo kidashimishije abashoramari cyangwa rubanda, nikimenyetso cyuko ubucuruzi budafite ubukangurambaga bunoze bwo kwamamaza kandi abantu ntibagurishwa nibitekerezo bagerageza kugurisha.
Ibisubizo byifuzwa cyane kubucuruzi nimba bashoboye kugenzura ibisanduku bine byose byavuzwe haruguru.Bakeneye kugira imbuga nkoranyambaga nini zikurikira, bakitabwaho cyane nibitangazamakuru byabigenewe, bakagaragara byoroshye kuri moteri zishakisha nka Google, kandi bakabona ibintu byinshi bya buri munsi kurubuga rwabo.
Aha niho mpitamo niba ubucuruzi nibitekerezo byabwo bizakomeza kubyara inyungu mugihe kirekire kizaza.Iki nikintu gikomeye cyane kuko ntabwo abantu benshi bifuza gushora mubintu bizatera imbere vuba hanyuma bishire.
Twishimye, urashobora kwirinda kwirinda kugwa mumitego nkiyi ukareba uburyo nerekana inyungu ndende yubucuruzi nibitekerezo byanjye. Iki cyemezo gishingiye kubintu bikurikira:
Hano hari ibintu bine byingenzi ubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose bugomba gusuzuma mbere yo gutangira amanota ya ICO.ICO nkanjye byanze bikunze tuzabisuzuma mbere yo kuduha uburenganzira.
Abashoramari nabo babitekerezaho mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo gutanga amafaranga kumushinga, cyane cyane ko mbabwiye ko ari ngombwa kubikora.
Twifuzaga kuvana bimwe mubikorwa byo gushakisha inzira hanyuma tugakora urutonde rwimbuga za ICO zo hejuru kugirango dukurikire kandi dukurikiranire hafi ahazaza hifashishijwe ibimenyetso.
Nkubu, izi mbuga za ICO ntabwo ziri murutonde rwihariye, ariko zizongera gusuzumwa mugihe gikwiye kandi zishyirwe hamwe ukurikije igihe, isura, ninshuro zivugururwa (nkuko turi mumwanya wihuta).
Dore urutonde rukomeye kuburyo utazigera ubura ICO ikurikira cyangwa igiceri gishya kandi kinini cyambere gitanga amahirwe yo gushora imari.
Turi itsinda gusa ryabaye ryibanze cyane mubucuruzi bushaka gutangiza igiceri cyambere.Urwikekwe kuruhande, dukunda gutekereza ko inzira zacu zuzuye kandi ntizisiga umwanya munini wo kujya impaka cyangwa kwinubira akarengane mubucuruzi.
Ibyo byavuzwe, niba utemeranya nimwe mubisobanuro bisanzwe kandi byakorewe ubushakashatsi (ubu dufite 1.000), wumve neza gutanga ibisobanuro hepfo.Ku bashoramari bumva ko isesengura twatanze ridahagije, duhora twakira ibyifuzo.Turasoma kandi tugasubiza kuri imeri yose yingirakamaro tugatanga ibitekerezo kubitekerezo n'ibitekerezo bisigaye hepfo.
Ibyo turimo kwinjiza hano uyumunsi nisomo ryo kubaka ikizere hamwe nurutonde rwubatswe rwa kimwe cya kabiri cyama cptocurrencies hamwe nibice bikenewe nibiranga / ibintu ishoramari rihamye kandi ryumvikana rigomba kugira.Ibintu byose twasanze byarahujwe kugirango bifashe kwihutisha ibikorwa byishakisha, kandi inama kubashoramari bashobora gufatwa nkintambwe yanyuma, ntabwo ari icyemezo cyanyuma, mugihe cyagerageza cyangwa guhitamo kugura ibintu bishya kuri ICO, ntakibazo.
Nubwo amategeko, amabwiriza yegereje kandi byanze bikunze kugenzurwa n’abandi bantu nyuma y’ikibazo kidashidikanywaho, ikintu kimwe gisigaye, ICOs zirwanya uburyo gakondo bwo guhuza abantu n’ingamba zo gukusanya inkunga kandi ntibidindiza ibimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo bigomba gukurikiza amategeko mashya n'inzitizi zemewe n'amategeko amaherezo ashyirwaho.
Aka gatabo ntikuzura mugihe dukomeje kurangiza uburyo bwo gushora imari mumahirwe ya ICO nibimenyetso bya ICO mubyukuri batsinze ikizamini kugirango barushe abandi.
Abaguzi n’abashoramari bishimiye intsinzi nyinshi muri 2017 kubera agaciro gakomeye kerekana amafaranga.Nyamara, nkuko 2018 itangira, ni ngombwa kumva neza uko ubukungu bwifashe kugirango bibafashe guhitamo intambwe ikurikira.
Ibintu bimwe ntibihinduka na gato, nkimpapuro zera, prototypes, ndetse ninama.Nyamara, CoinDesk yahisemo gusohora amakuru amwe kugirango afashe abakiriya kumva uburyo isi ya crypto izahinduka.
Nubwo ku isi hose haribiganiro byinshi kubyerekeranye nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora cryptocurrencies nta nkomyi, birasa nkaho leta zisi zose zitagiye kubona ibisobanuro.Hariho ibibazo byinshi byamategeko bigomba gukemurwa, kandi inyungu zumuryango wa crypto bizaterwa nibi bisubizo. ICO nshya igomba kumva ibyemezo byurukiko, ikoresheje aya makuru kugirango habeho urubuga ruhuriweho.
CoinDesk iteganya ko kugurisha nyabyo kw'ikimenyetso kugabanuka. Kubwamahirwe, agaciro ka buri kimenyetso biteganijwe ko kaziyongera mugihe ishoramari n’ubucuruzi bitandukanye bizaba. Ibicuruzwa bizagenda byigenga, kandi umubare w’ibimenyetso byagenewe rubanda uzagenda ugabanuka.
Niba Ethereum ishaka gukomeza kuba umutungo ushimishije ku isi yose, bazakenera kongera umuvuduko wacyo.Hariho ibigo bimwe na bimwe bigerageza gutangiza ku zindi mbuga, ariko haracyari abashoramari benshi bemeza ko Ethereum izakomeza kuba umutungo w’ibanze. Kubwamahirwe, abashinze imishinga imwe bashoboye kuzana gahunda yo gusubira inyuma yemeza ko barinda ICO n’ishoramari.
Icyifuzo kinini cyo gukoresha amafaranga ni uburyo bwo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage. Brayton Williams wo muri VC hafi ya yose yibanda ku "mpano no gutwara abantu." Nkuko bimeze, abanyemari n’abashoramari bigenga barashobora gutangira kumva ubushake bw’abashoramari bwo gukoresha ikimenyetso ku ntego bagenewe.Mu nyigisho, ariko, ibimenyetso birekurwa vuba ku buryo bidashobora gusohoza ibyo basezeranye byose.
Ubukungu bwacitse buracyari shyashya rwose kandi ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha mubushobozi ubwo aribwo bwose ntiburamenyekana.Abatanze ibi bimenyetso bazamenya ko ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha buzagaragaza ahanini agaciro k’ishoramari. Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibimenyetso byifitwe nabashoramari bizafasha umuryango wisi kumenya agaciro k'ibanga ryambere.
Abaguzi muri rusange barushaho kumenya ibijyanye na cryptocurrencies uko ibimenyetso bigenda bikura, bigatuma barushaho kumenya ibijyanye no gushora imari. Hamwe n’abaguzi n’abashoramari bakomeye, abakoresha bazashyiraho igitekerezo gisobanutse cy’uburyo bwo kubikoresha.Ibikoresho bigabanywa mu bikorwa by’umutekano n’umutekano. Nkuko bigenda byiyongera mu kwamamara, abakoresha bazumva amafaranga y’amafaranga mu buryo butari bukenewe mu myaka icumi ishize.
Igitekerezo cya nyuma ICOs y'uyu mwaka izazana ni uko biteganijwe ko amasosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga ateganijwe kwegereza abaturage ibimenyetso byayo, bikabafasha gukusanya inkunga. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi cyane mu kubona inyungu nyinshi, nubwo CoinBank ivuga ko aya masosiyete adakeneye kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage na gato.
Mbere yo gushyiraho amasezerano yubwenge kumurongo woguhagarika no gutangira gutanga ibiceri byambere (ICOs), abatangiye gushaka gukusanya inkunga mumishinga yabo bagombaga kwishingikiriza kubashoramari, IPO, kandi byanze bikunze, imifuka yabo.
Kubatabizi, ICO nuburyo bwo guhuza abantu benshi aho amasosiyete akora ibimenyetso byabandi kugirango bagure kugirango babone amafaranga mumishinga yabo. Abantu benshi bavuga ko ICO ari ihuriro ryumushinga wa Kickstarter hamwe nigitekerezo cyambere cyatangijwe kumugaragaro, kuko mugihe kirekire, abashoramari babona inyungu ninyungu zamafaranga.Nyamara, ICOs zifatwa nkimpanuka nyinshi kugirango utange amafaranga kugirango utangire gushora imari kugirango ushireho amafaranga make kugirango ubashe gushora imari kugirango ushireho amafaranga make kugirango utangire gushora imari mumishinga yawe.
Urupapuro rwera ahanini ni isosiyete ikorera abashoramari.Kubera iyi, igomba kuba yanditse neza kandi ikubiyemo amakuru yose ajyanye nicyerekezo cyisosiyete, uko serivisi ikora, ibiranga, abiteza imbere, nibindi. Igihe kinini, ubwiza bwimpapuro zera bushobora gukora cyangwa kumena isosiyete, byerekana neza niba itsinda rifite uburemere buhagije kumushinga wabo.
Ukizirikana ibi, nkumushoramari ushobora kuba, ugomba gusoma impapuro zera witonze kandi ugatekereza gusa gushora imari niba wunvise ibintu byose impapuro zera zigerageza gutanga.Ikindi kandi, menya neza ko witondera amakuru arambuye, kuko ibigo bimwe bizwiho kuzamura imibare kubyerekeranye nisoko ryubu. Kubwibyo rero, kugenzura ukuri nubuhanga bwingenzi kubashoramari ba ICO.
Mugihe cyo gusuzuma ICO, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwose.Mu mbaraga zubushakashatsi harimo no gusoma kubyerekeye itsinda ryihishe inyuma yumushinga.Mu gihe ibigo byinshi bitangiza ICO ari shyashya ku isoko, hari amahirwe menshi yuko abagize itsinda bakoraga imishinga nkiyi mu bihe byashize.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-11-2022